Educational Videos

Three financial concepts in under a minute

Short animations, sources and transcripts introducing three planning topics.

Italian-language videos, no audio

TFR and supplementary pensions: what to compare

0:26Italian · no audio

An educational comparison based on 2016–2025 COVIP data and rules in force for the 2026 tax year. Historical data are not a forecast, and suitability depends on individual circumstances.

Key Takeaways

  • In 2016–2025, equity open pension funds returned an average 5.1% net per year, versus 2.5% TFR revaluation
  • From the 2026 tax year, the ordinary annual contribution deduction limit is €5,300; TFR is excluded
  • Costs, risk, guarantees, taxation and time horizon must be assessed together
Sources and transcript

Sources and references

Transcript and notes

For 2016–2025, COVIP reports average annual net returns of 5.1% for equity open pension funds and average TFR revaluation of 2.5%. These are historical figures, not indications of future returns.

TFR and supplementary pensions follow different tax rules. The outcome depends on the individual position, membership length and payment method.

From the 2026 tax year, the ordinary annual contribution deduction limit is €5,300, excluding TFR. The actual benefit depends on the individual's tax position.

The decision requires comparing costs, risk, guarantees, taxation and time horizon.

The video is in Italian and contains no audio. This transcript provides the same on-screen content in the language of this page.

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Inflation and purchasing power

0:28Italian · no audio

The NIC index illustrates how rising prices can reduce the real value of cash. Diversification is presented as a scenario-based method, not as a model portfolio.

Key Takeaways

  • Between 2019 and 2024, €100,000 held in cash equated to roughly €85,000 of its initial purchasing power
  • Average NIC inflation was 1.0% in 2024, after 5.7% in 2023
  • Instruments and weights depend on objectives, time horizon, risk and costs
Sources and transcript

Sources and references

Transcript and notes

Inflation reduces purchasing power. Based on the NIC index, €100,000 in 2019 corresponds to about €85,000 of purchasing power in 2024: an indicative difference of around €15,000.

The average annual NIC changes shown are: -0.1% in 2020, +1.9% in 2021, +8.1% in 2022, +5.7% in 2023 and +1.0% in 2024.

Diversification means considering growth, recession, inflation and deflation scenarios. This is an educational framework, not a model portfolio.

Weights and instruments should align with objectives, time horizon, sustainable risk and costs.

The video is in Italian and contains no audio. This transcript provides the same on-screen content in the language of this page.

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The financial needs pyramid

0:21Italian · no audio

A conceptual framework for ordering liquidity, protection, retirement planning, investment and higher risk. Priorities and sizing depend on the person.

Key Takeaways

  • The liquidity reserve should reflect expenses, income and personal stability
  • Protection and retirement planning come before long-term investment objectives
  • Higher-risk exposure follows the risk profile, not a universal percentage
Sources and transcript

Sources and references

Transcript and notes

Before investing, the framework suggests securing the present.

The pyramid has five levels: liquidity, protection, retirement planning, investment and higher risk. Reserves and allocations are not universal; they depend on personal circumstances.

Seeking returns without a solid foundation can make the entire plan fragile.

Each level should be built around individual priorities. The framework is educational and is not a recommendation.

The video is in Italian and contains no audio. This transcript provides the same on-screen content in the language of this page.

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An introductory conversation can clarify objectives, constraints and priorities before any solution is considered.

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